If a cell is in a surrounding environment that's:. The concentration of solutes is the same on either side of the membrane. These terms describing tonicity are dependent on the relationship between the environments on either side of the membrane, and can apply to the environment inside the cell or the environment outside the cell. The key to understanding osmosis and tonicity is to remember that water will always move toward a hypertonic environment! Drinking salt water actually robs the body of hydration, because it creates a hypertonic environment in the GI tract, which pulls water out of our cells, dehydrating the body.
Virtual Classrooms. See all of related teaching materials on the. MICRO 8wk. In an isotonic solution, the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell. If the osmolarity of the cell matches that of the extracellular fluid, there will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell, although water will still move in and out.
Blood cells and plant cells in hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions take on characteristic appearances. Cells in an isotonic solution retain their shape. Cells in a hypotonic solution swell as water enters the cell, and may burst if the concentration gradient is large enough between the inside and outside of the cell. Cells in a hypertonic solution shrink as water exits the cell, becoming shriveled. Hypotonic Solutions Three terms—hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic—are used to relate the osmolarity of a cell to the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid that contains the cells.
Isotonic Solutions In an isotonic solution, the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell. Key Points Osmolarity describes the total solute concentration of a solution; solutions with a low solute concentration have a low osmolarity, while those with a high osmolarity have a high solute concentration.
The tonicity of solutions with respect to each other may be expressed as hypertonic, isotonic or hypotonic. The effect of different external solute concentrations on red blood cells serves as a good example for a hypertonic, isotonic and hypotonic solution.
When the osmotic pressure of the solution outside the blood cells higher than the osmotic pressure inside the red blood cells, the solution is hypertonic. The water inside the blood cells exits the cells in an attempt to equalize the osmotic pressure, causing the cells to shrink or create.
When the osmotic pressure outside the red blood cells is the same as the pressure inside the cells, the solution is isotonic with respect to the cytoplasm. This is the usual condition of red blood cells in plasma. When the solution outside of the red blood cells has a lower osmotic pressure than the cytoplasm of the red blood cells , the solution is hypotonic with respect to the cells. The cells take in water in an attempt to equalize the osmotic pressure, causing them to swell and potentially burst.
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