A timeline of life science : from single-celled water creatures to sequencing the human genome. Quotations about science and technology from Oxford Essential Quotations. Andrew M. Colman is the author of A Dictionary of Psychology 4th edn. He is an author of numerous journal articles and several books, including Facts, Fallacies and Frauds in Psychology , What is Psychology?
I wish that everyone understood the scientific method, and in particular the unique importance of the controlled experiment as a method of scientific discovery.
Children should be taught at school what an experiment is and why it is such a powerful way of discovering the truth. Psychology uses various research methods, but the most powerful is undoubtedly controlled experimentation, not because it is more objective or precise than other methods, but because it is uniquely capable of providing evidence of causal effects.
The defining features of an experiment are manipulation of a conjectured causal factor, called an independent variable because it is manipulated independently of other variables, and examination of the effect of this on a dependent variable , while simultaneously controlling all other extraneous variables that might otherwise influence the dependent variable.
In psychological experiments, extraneous variables can seldom be controlled directly, partly because people differ from one another in ways that affect their behaviour. In , the British statistician Ronald Fisher discovered a powerful method of control called randomization. By assigning subjects or participants to an experimental group and a control group strictly at random, and then treating the two groups identically apart from the manipulated independent variable applied to the experimental group only , an experimenter can control, at a single stroke, for all individual differences and other extraneous variables, including ones that no one has even considered.
Randomization does not guarantee that the two groups will be identical but rather that any differences between the groups will follow precisely the known laws of probability. This explains the purpose and function of statistical significance tests in psychology. For any observed difference, a significance test enables a researcher to calculate the probability that a difference at least as large as the observed difference could occur by chance alone. The researcher then knows what the probability is of such a large difference under the null hypothesis — the working hypothesis that the independent variable has no effect.
If this immensely powerful idea were more widely understood, then people would be less vulnerable to illusory correlation , more sceptical about merely anecdotal evidence, and capable of interpreting findings from any survey research, case study, correlational study, observational study, or quasi-experiment with appropriate caution. Technology, on the other hand, is more of an applied science. It is where tools and knowledge are used for the study of a particular science.
For example, the science of energy can have technology as its application. In the case of energy as a subject in science, solar panels can be used for a variety of technologies, an example of which are solar-powered lights. Science has a quest of explaining something, while technology is leaning more towards developing a use for something. Science is controlled by experimentation, while technology also involves design, invention and production. If science is all about theories, technology is all about processes.
Finally, in order for you to excel in science, you need to have experimental and logical skills. Meanwhile, technology requires a myriad of skills including design, construction, testing, quality assurance and problem-solving. Science is the study of a particular subject, while technology is an applied science. Science is focused more on analysis, while technology is all about the synthesis of design.
Science is all about theories, while technology is all about processes. Cite APA 7 , N. Difference Between Science and Technology. Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects. For example, how water rises upwards? Why does everything fall towards gravity? To know or to find the reason behind such a phenomenon in science. Technology is doing. Technology is applying the laws of science and creating a new product. Like rockets are developed on the science of the law of conservation of momentum.
Spaceships are developed on the science or phenomenon of gravitation. Science is knowing and acquiring knowledge about nature. Observing nature and making laws is not harmful.
Technology is transforming your ideas into practical applications. Like we hear of various types of radiation,microwave ovens are developed by employing microwaves. However, these technologies are helpful and harmful as well. Science is the search for and theorizing about the cause. Technology is the search for and theorizing about new processes.
Science is making value free statements. In Technology, activities are always value-laden. Three parameters fall in sciences; they are:.
Creation of theories. Two parameters fall in technology; they are:. Analysis, and. Synthesis of design. In science, goals are achieved through scientific processes. In technology, the goal is achieved through key technological processes. Science focuses on understanding natural phenomena.
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